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bullionism is an economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned.
Bullionism was an early or primitive form of mercantilism that derived from the 16th century, when England owed its gold and silver the excess on the balance of trade, but did not possess any gold or silver mines. Thomas Milles (1550-1627) and others recommended accelerating exports in order to get an excess on the balance of trade, changing it into precious metal and hindering the drain of money and precious metal to other countries. Although England practiced the interdiction of exportation of £ or precious metals at about 1600, Milles desired to return to staple ports in order to force merchandisers from abroad to use their assets to buy English goods and to prevent them from transfering gold or silver from England homewards. But "Milles was so much out of step with the time that his pamphlets had little influence,...".
Gerard de Malynes (1586 - 1641), another bullionist, published a book, called "A treatese of the canker of England's common wealth", in which he asserted that the exchange of foreign currency had been rather a trade of value than exchanging the weight of metals and therefore the deficit of English balance of trade would be a consequence of unfair exchanging precious metals by bankers and money changers. In order to ban the flow of exchange rates he demanded for strict fixing of exchange rates of coins only by the concentration of precious metals and weights and for strict regulation and monitoring of foreign trade. But de Malynes did not convince his contemporaries "that the cambists were responsible for gold outflow or to elicit enthusiasm for a monopoly sale of exchange, par pro pari, by the royal exchanger." But he suceeded in creating the first economic controversy: Edward Misselden opposed him 1623 in his book "The circle of commerce: Or, the ballance of trade".
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